The housing configuration in a given area generally reflects similarities in terms of structural, location and neighborhood characteristics, indicating the formation of distinct housing sub-markets. This paper aims to identify the existence and evolution of housing sub-markets in the municipality of Oporto in 2019 and 2022. These sub-markets were identified with the help of the recent methodology of hierarchical cluster analysis with contiguity restrictions. Whereas traditional clustering techniques have long been used in market segmentation studies, those studies tend to incorporate location/neighborhood restrictions in an ad hoc form. Contiguity restricted cluster analysis addresses this issue directly. Results identified three well-defined and relatively stable sub-markets. Their delimitation, complemented by an analysis of the characteristics that define them, provides valuable information for homeowners, municipalities, lenders, and real estate investors and developers.

This paper examines the value creation of Iberian transnational corporations (TNCs) from 2013 to 2023, focusing on the impact of geoeconomic fragmentation. Using data from 7,040 TNCs, we find that total shareholder returns (TSR) exhibited variability, driven by macroeconomic recoveries and geopolitical disruptions, with differences between Portuguese and Spanish firms. Lower geoeconomic risk is associated with higher TSR, emphasizing the importance of stable environments for multinational corporations. Additionally, firms with negatively skewed stock returns show higher corporate value as investors demand lower expected returns, particularly for firms not at extreme skewness levels. Our findings highlight the role of risk management and diversification strategies in enhancing firm performance when experiencing geoeconomic challenges. Results provide insights for corporate leaders, investors, and policymakers on the effects of global fragmentation on TNCs’ performance. Our results are robust to alternative models and variable specifications.

The digital revolution has fundamentally transformed the banking sector, reshaping customer interactions and intensifying competitive dynamics across economic landscapes. This research investigates customer satisfaction, trust, and loyalty in the Portuguese banking market through a comprehensive longitudinal study spanning four critical years: 2013, 2019, and 2023. The study reveals customer trust as a determinant of satisfaction and loyalty while simultaneously highlighting a significant decline in trust in the banking sector. This erosion can be attributed to two primary factors: the lasting impact of the 2008 global economic crisis and the ongoing transition to digital banking platforms. As banks progressively replace traditional face-to-face services with digital interfaces, customer satisfaction and loyalty have experienced a notable downturn. The research demonstrates that technological advancements, while offering increased efficiency, simultaneously risk undermining the fundamental interpersonal relationships that historically characterized banking experiences. The Portuguese banking landscape presents a critical case study of these broader transformative challenges. Intensified competition and diminishing customer trust demand proactive strategic responses. The findings underscore the imperative for banks to reimagine their customer interaction strategies. Success in the digital age requires a delicate balance between technological innovation and maintaining genuine human connections. Banks must invest in creating digital experiences that are not merely transactional but deeply responsive to customer needs and expectations. This research contributes to understanding the complex dynamics of digital transformation in banking, highlighting the critical importance of trust as a strategic asset in an increasingly competitive and technology-driven financial environment.

Academia defines accessible tourism as a form of tourism that assures equality and dignified participation for tourists with special physical, sensory, and cognitive access needs. However, the literature lacks a conceptualization of accessible tourism from a practical viewpoint. This study addresses this gap by examining how stakeholders define accessible tourism and its benefits. Data were collected in A Coruña (Spain) through interviews and focus groups within a sample of 23 representatives from the public, private, and associative sectors related to tourism and disability. The analysis followed Grounded Theory guidelines and was supported by Atlas.ti. The results reveal that accessibility is viewed as a ‘cultural concept,’ a ‘legal imperative,‘and ‘something temporary.’ Furthermore, accessible tourism is perceived as a model that provides not only social and economic advantages but also environmental benefits. This study contributes to the literature by distinguishing accessible tourism from other tourism models and presenting a new categorization of its characteristics and benefits. On a practical level, it provides valuable insights into accessibility, helping Destination Management Organizations facilitate the participation of tourists with specific access needs in tourism activities.